Mass adult literacy combined with improvements in production and distribution led to print media being dominant in its symbiosis with public opinion. In his 1961 book, Literature and the Press, Louis Dudek observed that "A great proportion of people in the present-day world is absorbed in reading nothing but newspapers and magazines, and the newspaper has become an opinion-shaping machine whose relation to culture is dangerously totalitarian in kind."31 This tends to conform to McLuhan's view that the book-oriented man misunderstands the collective mosaic form of the press, and considers the non-stop use of media as debased.32
Having seen how McLuhan's theories separate the internet from the hotter media, we should examine the issue of control, and for this the propaganda model of media is ideal.